MICROSCOPIC PARASITES AND FUNGI OF MEDICAL INTEREST:
PLACE IN THE LIVING WORLD AND CLASSIFICATION
- The organisms falling within the field of study of parasitology and mycology are eukaryotes.
- Varying in size and complexity, they have in common a pattern of cellular organization characterized by a nucleus, limited by a nuclear membrane, and a cytoplasm, highly structured and compartmentalized.
- This organization fundamentally differs from that of bacteria, prokaryotic organisms devoid of a nucleus, and that of viruses, which depend for their replication on the host cellular machinery and are not considered as living organisms stricto sensu.
Some examples of parts of theoretical biology courses with monthly updates for information
ulcero-necrotic gingivitis (UNG)
the flora is characterized by strictly anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli (Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum), spirochetes (Treponema sp.) and Selemonas sp.
Halitosis
- Halitosis has an oral origin in 80% of cases. The physicochemical conditions (neutral or alkaline pH for example) and the bacterial population are to blame. Periodontitis is frequently associated. If the periodontium is healthy, the dorsal surface of the tongue is then involved. The malodorous gases responsible for halitosis are essentially volatile sulfur compounds (VSC), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), resulting from the microbial degradation of amino acids.
- The role of CSVs is essential. Important factors for increased CSV production are bacterial species and protein substrates (amino acids rich in sulfide or nitrogen groups). The bacterial species involved are essentially anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria and in particular: treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodon- talis, Fusobacterium nucleatum et rothya dentocariosa. According to Reingewirtz, CSV causes halitosis but they could also participate in the maintenance of periodontitis.
- Mouthwashes represent a complementary means of periodontal treatment to reduce CSV. Thus, Miles and Miller noted a decrease in CSV of 24 % by zinc chloride, 43% by sodium bicarbonate and 45% % by the zinc chloride-tridosan association. Other work has established a reduction in CSV of 65% by chlorhexidine, 45 % by phenolic oils and 30 % by celylpyridinium chloride.
What to do in the event of an accident due to exposure to blood (AES)
There is primary prevention of BEA by the effective application of universal precautions (PU) whose basic principle is to interpose physical barriers between the biological fluid (the patient) and the caregiver (practitioner and assistant).
These barriers are work clothing, glasses, gloves, masks.
The second preventive measure
is vaccination against hepatitis B.
It has been compulsory since 1991 and is the responsibility of the employer;
unfortunately she is not yet 100% in the Dental discipline.
The third measure
is due to the very organization of the protocols:
Performing effective and rational actions helps minimize the risk of AES.
Ergonomics is essential in the application of universal precautions.
The fourth measure
is the maximum use of single-use equipment.
Alongside primary prevention in front of an AES, we can initiate a very codified secondary prevention which takes place in four phases:
To be continued….
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